DBCCA
CADBC
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
1 The journalism （关键词） bug bit me at a young age and I chased my dream in high school and college. Guess it was the Mary Tyler Moore and Lou Grant shows很多人给我的灵感和感染 that inspired me. 让我追求新闻界的梦想.
事实陈述 + 第二段的第一句话 转折
2 Unfortunately, that was TV; this was reality. ( 主题句) I worked in TV and at newspapers. Movies and television often make these out to be glamorous jobs, but let me assure you nothing could be further from the truth. For the rookie（新手）, it's often very long hours and the pay is just a crime. Many in management don't believe in paying overtime, even when it's due. I had to file complaints against one employer (the owner of a small newspaper chain) and my last employer at the Labor Department. They were burning people out like there was no tomorrow. We should’ve installed revolving doors. 都在讲薪水少的可怜，辛苦的像条狗狗。
but let me assure you nothing could be further from the truth.
此句型乃黄金句型，每年必考。
比较级+否定 表最高级 论点所在句式。 这种句子一定是先按字面翻译，再理解
没有什么离truth更远的啦， 言下之意 大家都离真实的情况很远，没有人知道新闻界真实的情况到底怎么样。
3 Working in the press (TV or newsprint) can often be VERY stressful. 主题句There is ALWAYS a push on to get the information out (in its complete form) first 新闻机构的时效性and to get it out completely accurately.忠于真相 TV stations succeed greatly at the former, but quite often blow it on the latter. And you rarely hear a TV reporter or anchor apologize or admit a mistake. Newspapers do it every day, and some feel that it blows their credibility, but it should do the opposite. 阴影部分全部都是重要细节。 注意it的指代功能。 思考一下it指什么？
4［With about 20 years in the field and four years at my last job as editor in chief,］状语可以略读，不重要， I was released for political reasons. 主题句 My publishers were high-ranking members of a political party. They were drinking buddies with the governor and many
I was released for political reasons 因为政治原因而被解职。
词本无义，义随文生。Release释放， 引申为解雇。委婉语
I want to release myself 意思是上厕所。 就像I want to go somewhere 一样。
drinking buddies 一起喝酒开心的朋友，酒肉朋友，国外很多人下了班就喜欢去外面喝酒找乐子。政客也是一样。
The day after election day, I was told I was being released because I did not live in the community. 欲加之罪，何患无词，表面上解职理由是不住在同一个社区。其实是因为出版社的头头要求他加入他们的政党 遭到了作者的拒绝： I refused to sign the dotted line on application forms (for the party) and was fired.
5 My greatest sense of accomplishment in this business has come from enlightening the public, making them aware of politicians and government officials breaking laws or just outright（公开地） lying. 主题句 You would not believe all the mess I have seen. Some of my stories and editorials have earned me awards and a number of them have sparked investigations by the state police and FBI. All in a day's work.
阴影部分 主题句 长难句：
Sense of accomplishment 成就感，和sense of achievement 一样.
分论点：他在新闻这个行业最大的成就感来自于 enlightening the public, 启发，启迪民众，
并列结构Making them aware 意识到 政客还有政府官员也犯法，竟然也公然撒谎。
后面划线部分是论据。
６I now wish I had not changed my major from computer science to journalism. Ouch! I
would be making more money and living an easier life.
此段最具有陷阱作用，很多人以为作者后悔选择从cs转行新闻。
阴影部分说明作者在自嘲。 否则我能赚到钱，过得更轻松。
７My dream is to own a newspaper -- probably a niche publication or a trade journal,
somewhere in
最后一段吐露心扉： 作者仍然想拥有自己的报纸，延续自己新闻工作的梦想。
1. Why does the author say the pay of new reporters is a crime?
A) Because it is a crime not to pay them.
错误选项，作者文字的字面解释是干扰项。
B) Because it is illegal to require them to work overtime.
文中没有提到要求工人加班是违法的，无。 选B 的同学主观同情加班的人，潜意识认为是犯罪违法行为， 不从文章出发，从自己情绪感受出发 选答案实属狂想症。
C) Because it is a violation of the law to pay poor salaries.
低工资没有说违法，无。 Violation of the law 触犯法律
同义表达：offend the law ,violate the law ,break the law
D) Because it is wrong to pay them such low salaries.
付这么少的薪水是不对的。
Why----〉细节题,
2. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true except :
以下哪个选项不正确：
Which-à 细节题：
A) TV channels are usually prompt to release the news before others.文中有提到
B) newspapers seldom apologize for inaccurate information published. 反
C) apologies from the newspapers usually add to their credibility. 文中句子正话反说
Newspapers do it every day,and some feel that it blows their credibility, but it should do the opposite.有人认为会伤害他们的信誉， 其实应该正好相反
D) TV reporters seldom admit to the public that they made mistakes. 文中有说到
3. Why was the author fired from his job?
解题步骤：
a.识别题型 Why--à 细节题
b.找出提干关键词 fired from his job ,
c.定位 定位于第四段倒数第二句，第三句。
The day after election day, I was told I was being released because I did not live in the community. 欲加之罪，何患无词，表面上解职理由是不住在同一个社区。其实上文提到political reasons, 出版社的头头要求他加入他们的政党 遭到了作者的拒绝：倒数第三句： I refused to sign the dotted line on application forms (for the party) and was fired.
A) Because he refused to move into the community where the publishing house was located.
作者拒绝搬进社区？ 无！
B) Because a number of his articles have led to investigations by the authorities.
定位于第四段， 无！ 选了B的同学要予以重视，你看到哪一段去了，要遵守细节题的
游戏规则。 第三步 定位出错了！！ 不能找到第四段以外的地方去。别的段落有的信息
是干扰项。
C) Because he refused to join his boss' political party.
正确答案。
D) Because he often filed complaints against his employer.
第四段 无！！ 此为第一段的内容，错误原因同B
4. The author feels that the job of a journalist is rewarding in that ___________.
a.识别题型 in that--à 细节题
b.找出提干关键词 feels that the job of a journalist is rewarding 同一置换为第五段第一句的 My greatest sense of accomplishment in this business,
c.定位 定位于第五段第一句
答案就是第一句后部分的理解
enlightening the public, making them aware of politicians and government officials breaking laws or just outright（公开地） lying.
d.理解揣摩题眼，选出正确答案，分析干扰项。
分论点：他在新闻这个行业最大的成就感来自于 enlightening the public, 启发，启迪民众，
并列结构Making them aware 意识到 政客还有政府官员也犯法，竟然也公然撒谎。
A) experienced journalists can still draw handsome salaries. 资深记者收入斐然。 无
干扰项， 常识性正确的选项，文中却没有提到。
B) it's a job that can satisfy people with enormous egos.
Ego : 自我，虚荣。
能满足人的自我欣赏，虚荣，文中没有提到。 无！！！
C) he can fulfill his moral duty by exposing corrupt and lying politicians
充实自己的道德职责，曝光腐败和信口雌黄的政客。
同一置换， 正确答案
D) he can raise the awareness of politicians and government officials to public opinion
提高政客与政府官员公共言论的意识， 无！！
Raise the awareness of ..提高。。。的意识。
选了D的同学是么有读懂这个选项。
5. We know from the passage that the author ___________.
a.识别题型 know from the passage –〉全文推论题
b.排除法：1排除明显错误的选项C.B. BC是平行选项。
2 排除文中直接给出信息 D
3 无根据的，过分的推论 D
也是一个文章细枝末节的推论。
文中说My dream is to own a newspaper –
probably a niche publication or a trade journal, 没有说正在planning 计划own a news
paper.
正确答案特征：１是推论２符合文章主旨
A) is still interested in journalism as a profession 正确答案
B) regrets having become a journalist
C) wishes he had stuck to computer science
D) is planning to publish a trade journal
Passage 2
文章属于抛砖引玉的类型，先说美国的社会现象：anti intellectualism .然后说到教育的重要性， 知性的重要性。 前后引用Diane Ravitch，Richard Hofstadter，Ralph Waldo Emerson，
只有Richard Hofstadter 引言贯穿全文。
1 Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. 主题句,事实陈述：美国人不重视才智， 是一个美国的社会现象。
Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs(企业家), not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. 全部都是在证明美国人有反知性主义 ，尤其学校教育中也强调实用性，功利性，而非知性，完全为了学习知识而接受教育。
For the sake of 为了。。。而 pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge 为了知识而学知识。
2“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” 实施陈述：学校存在于社会之中，而社会一直更重视实用性。引用Daine Ravitch观点，学校能够成为一种弥补。
says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance弥补.” Razitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, *traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, #concluding they 指教育改革are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. 学校改革没有完成对于美国厌恶知性的弥补
*traces the roots of anti-intellectualism 追溯了一下反知性（说白就是反知识，才学）的根源。
#concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for
intellectual pursuits.
Anything but 黄金级的否定表达 mba 阅读，翻译重点
意思是么东西都算就不算是，绝对不是
举例：He is anything but her husband 他绝对不是她的妻子。
Diane Ravitch is a historian of education, an educational policy analyst, and former United States Assistant Secretary of Education who is now a research professor at New York University's Steinhardt School of Education.
3 But they （他们指学校的改革）could and should be.主题句，代表了作者的观点。Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.” 论据：孩子，国民追求知性的重要性
4“Intellect is resented （厌恶）as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist (人民党党员)urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism(精英化) . Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
历史上反对知性的美国人对于读书，教育的观点,态度：resent 厌恶，鄙视，引用了Richard Hofstandter 大量的研究观点。 最后一句话还说到常识，与生俱来的智力被认为是更加崇高的品质。
5 Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:
6Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we
reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative (专注) side of the mind.
Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. 为intellect正名，和intelligence对比。
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. 主题句 作者观点终于明了：在学校中，知性不被信任，Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people ( who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.)”
美国的教育系统在一群人的掌控之下，这群人快乐的，斗志昂扬地向知性表达着敌意，并非常渴望的与那些从未表现出任何才智前途的孩子取得认同。 讽刺挖苦的幽默实在到位。
从头到尾只有Hofstadter 的观点被一直引用，作者同意他的观点。
6. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
a.识别题型 what--à 细节题
b.找出提干关键词 acquire in school
c.定位 出题属于文章自然段顺序。
定位于第一段第三句话：Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge 追求的是实用的能力，不是知识，
A) The habit of thinking independently. 独立思考习惯，第一段没有提到。无！
B) Profound knowledge of the world. 渊博的知识， 反！
C) Practical abilities for future career. 实用能力。 正确答案
D) The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 对于才智，心智追求的信心， 无！
7. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
a.识别题型 text 中对于美国有怎么样的历史 what kind of historyà 细节题
b.找出提干关键词 history
c.定位 定位于第四段倒数第一句
A) undervaluing intellect.
B) favoring intellectualism. 偏爱 反
C) supporting school reform. 支持学校改革， 支持 无中生有
D) suppressing native intelligence. 压制与生俱来的智力。 和第四段最后一句相反。
8. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are
Daine Ravitch认为学校非常重要，学校存在于社会之中，而社会一直更重视实用性。学校能够成为一种弥补。弥补由社会要求实用性而给知性带来的冲击。
Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生对于教育的消极观点，认为读了书出来还是什么都不懂。
第五段第二句：“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”
A) identical. 一模一样。
B) similar. 相似
C) complementary. 互为补充
D) opposite. 相反
9. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
A) a pioneer of education reform. 教育改革先驱
比较有效干扰项，很多同学认为爱默生说那些话的原因是因为他觉得教育需要改革， 注意不适他觉得，是你觉得吧？？？提到他的那段没有提到教育改革，他只是认为教育起不到什么作用。主观想法答题的想法需要纠正过来。
B) an opponent of intellectualism. 反对者
C) a scholar in favor of intellect. 支持者 反
D) an advocate of regular schooling. 反
10. What does the author think of intellect?
a.识别题型 What--à 细节题
b.找出提干关键词 intellect
c.定位 定位于第六段。
A) It is second to intelligence. 隐藏的比较， a is second to b ，a次与b
他次与 intelligence 有同学没有看仔细，这里是个比较级，
没有依据的比较，文中没有提到的比较都是干扰项目，看到比较级就要谨慎！！！！！
原文：Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative (专注) side of the mind. 形容词都是褒义词 Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate（巧妙地处理(问题等）, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
B) It evolves from common sense. 从常识演化而来，文中没有提到 无
C) It is to be pursued.
D) It underlies power. 是权力的基础， 这个不是作者的观点，
很多同学说 第四段：“Intellect is resented （厌恶）as a form of power or privilege,”
这里没有说到谁是谁的基础， 无中生有
其次， 最后一道题，你看到前面第四段去干吗？？？？？第四段已经出过题目了做题习惯都是错的还振振有词。
1.［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］所填之词说明本句与第一句的关系。前句说无家可归者的比例越来越大，接下来说这种比例到了地方政府无法应对的地步，显然是对第一句话的强调说明，［A］选项Indeed可表此意。［B］选项likewise意思为“同理，同样”，［C］选项therefore表示因果关系，［D］选项表示递进，但没有［A］选项的强调意味。
2. ［参考答案］［B］
［考点分析］无家可归问题已经让地方政府无法应付了，因此选择cope（应付，应对）。［A］选项stand表示“容忍”，此选项迷惑作用较大。从上下文关系看，地方政府无法“应付”了，需要联邦政府采取些行动。［C］选项approve表示“同意”，［D］选项retain表示“保留”，均不合题意。
3. ［参考答案］［D］
［考点分析］本句表示“帮助无家可归的人走向独立”，故选择toward。本题的干扰项是［C］选项的with。考生在中学就学过to help sb. with...这样的句型，但该句型表示的是“帮助某人做/学什么”的意思，如help me with my English（帮助我学习英语），此处help与toward构成临时搭配，表示一种动向。
4. ［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］这里表示“提高最低工资待遇”。表达提高工资时，我们使用raise。raise和money搭配还可以表示“集资”。
5. ［参考答案］［D］
［考点分析］在四个选项中，［A］选项generally和［B］选项almost表示肯定含义，［C］选项hardly和［D］选项not表示否定。根据上下文，本句应该说的是否定意义：“并非每个人都同意”，所以排除［A］和［B］。同时，hardly只能与anyone等词搭配，表示“几乎没有任何人”，不能与everyone搭配，故正确答案为not。Not everyone agrees...为部分否定，表示“并不是每个人都同意……”
6. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］本句意思为“估计数字的范围大约从60万到300万之间”，使用range from...to...的句型。range 的完整句型为range in...from...to...。干扰项是［A］选项的cover，但cover表示“覆盖”，不表示范围。［D］选项differ主要强调不同，而本句并未强调不同，而是强调范围，故选择range。
7. ［参考答案］［B］
［考点分析］根据后文，本句表达的是让步意义，即，“虽然对这一数字人们意见不一，但人们却都同意另外一个事实”，因此选择although。
8. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］四个选项都有“增加，扩张”的含义，但由于本句主语为the number，因此只能与increase构成搭配。［A］选项inflate表示“膨胀”，［B］选项expand表示“在面积上扩张”，［D］选项extend表示“在长度上延伸”。
9. ［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］本句表示的是“预测”，故选择predict。从后文使用的是将来时看，此处只能理解为“预测”。
10. ［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］［A］选项的assist表示“帮助”，［B］选项的track表示“跟踪”；［C］选项的sustain表示“维持，使……继续活下去”；［D］选项的dismiss表示“解散，让……离开”。首句为该段的主题句。从后面的内容来看，不仅要给无家可归者吃住，还要解决他们其他一系列的问题，由此反推前面的主题句讲的是帮助无家可归者，此外，从与名词population的搭配来看，也只有［A］选项最合适。
11. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］根据题意，本句是让步的意思，“即使当他们有吃有住，他们仍然会……”，所以选择even。
12. ［参考答案］［B］
［考点分析］本题四个选项都有“住房”、“住处”的意思，但［B］选项的shelter意为“为无家可归的人提供暂时栖息场所的机构”，正合题意，故选择［B］。
13. ［参考答案］［D］
［考点分析］本题主要区分［B］选项stroll和［D］选项wander。stroll表示“闲逛，悠闲地散步”，而wander则表示“徘徊，乱逛”的意思，很明显，wander更符合题意。
14. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］本句表达让步，“虽然许多人……，但是……”。while可以用来表达although的意思，故选择while。
15. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］本题主要是区分life skills和survival skills，前者表示“生活能力”，后者表示“生存技能”，由于文章讨论无家可归者的生存问题，故应选择［C］。
16. ［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］本题为词组搭配。“turn around”本身的意思表示“转身”，但是它有一个引申的意思,就是“把不好的情况转变成好的情况”，符合句意。turn on表示“打开”等意思，turn up表示“出现”等意思，turn over表示“翻转”。本句意思应该为“他们缺乏生存技能来改变自己的生活”，故选择［A］选项的turn around。
17. ［参考答案］［B］
［考点分析］本句题意为“全面的规划”，所以用［B］选项的comprehensive。［A］选项complex强调复杂性；［C］选项complementary强调互补性；［D］选项compensating强调补偿性，所以均不合题意。
18. ［参考答案］［C］
［考点分析］本题和下题一起构成一个句型：as someone puts it，意思为“正如……说的那样”。
19. ［参考答案］［A］
［考点分析］参见上题。put 有“指出”、“说明”之意，如:To put it simply (简而言之)；Put simply (=Stated briefly)(简言之)，这里分词短语作句首状语。
20. ［参考答案］［D］
［考点分析］本句强调各种计划中的协调，故选择coordination。supervision意思为“监督，管理”， manipulation意思为“操纵”， regulation意思为“调节，校准”，均不合题意。
31. have I ever felt frightened/ did I ever feel frightened
Frightened , scared 都可以， 这里关键only 放句首要半倒装。
32. were forced to make concessions to workers in the negotiation.
Make concessions ，也可以用make compromise .
33. represent half of the work force / take up/account for 50 percent of the employment
34. I should have turned up/appeared/showed up at the party one hour ago.
出现 turn up ,appear , show up
35. women will have a better chance of finding a suitable partner.
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